SOOME NÄIDE - TSIVIILKAITSE JA POMMIVARJENDID
Eesti on ÜMMARGUNE null selle koha pealt!
Kommentaare Soome pommivarjendite kohta:
Soomes on alles ja korras koik vanad varjendid ja siiani peab teatud arvu kortermaja korterite kohta keldris olema voimalus varjuda. Soomes ei hirmutata sojaga, vaid kuna raudteel veetakse igasugu tsisterne ja on igasugust toostust, peetakse vajalikuks inimestele kiiresti teada anda ja varjuda. tanavatel on tootavad haalekovendajad, koik on kuulnud i e likke sireene, nendega kontrollitakse aegajalt ja soome tvs tulb ka kohe tekstiriba, kui ohku on sattunud kemikaale.
Kortermajades peab teadetetahvlil olema opetus, kuidas keldrisse varju ise puhul valisohu kraan kinni keerata, seda peab iga elanik oskama. Muidu on kelder tavaline panipaik, veevark šeal on ja kaugkute ka. Parkimispaikade seadust arendajale ei olen, nii et autod on parkimspaltsil voi kesklinnas tanava aares nagu ikka Euroopas.
http://www.hel.fi/hki/Pela/fi/V_est_nsu ... oittaminen
http://www.hel.fi/hki/pela/fi/V_est_nsu ... stonsuojat
Arvamus: Ühelt tuttavalt kuulsin igastahes sellist uudist (2012), et terve maa alune Helsingi ehitatakse pommivarjended täis. Info pärineb sellest, et mul on üks tuttav, kelle lähedane inimene omab betooniehitus firmat ning see firma võitis Soome valitsuse konkursi ehitamaks terve Helsingi maa aluseid pommivarjendeid täis. Meedias pole ma sellest midagi kuulnud ega lugenud. Kas valitsus teab midagi ning valmistub selleks?
Arvamus: Soomlased teevad raudse järjekindlusega igasse üldkasutatavasse hoonesse ka varjendi. Kuna ise tegelen ehitusalaga ja emafirma on üle lahe, siis tean seda nö omast kogemusest.
Arvamus: Tegelesin ka ühe Helsingi ühiskodnliku hoonega, kus projekti järgi oli ettenähtud -2 korrusele meetrise betooniga pommivarjend. Selle mõttekuse kohta aru pärides vastati, et "see neil nii lihtsalt tavaks". Rikastel riikidel on kombeks ennetada. Ei ole mingit otsest tagamõtet. Külma sõja järelmõjud noh.
Arvamus: Soomes muudeti 1994 kehtivat Ehitusseadust mis ei nõudnud enam üldkasutatavate hoonete ja korrusmajadesse varjendite ehitamist. Sellele vaatamata on praegusel ajal juba eksisteerivad varjendisüsteemid vägagi aukartustäratavad. Soomlastel on graniitkalju nn. "kallioperä" mis võimaldas nende suurte käigusüsteemide ehitamist küllaltki lihtsalt ja odavalt. Näiteks Helsinkit veega varustav Päijänne veetunnel on 120 km pikk. Graniitkaljusse tunneli rajamine ongi allmaatöödest kõige odavam ja kergem variant. Pole vaja tapelda vesiliivaga, külmutada jm. Kõik mis uuristamisel kätte saad on kaup, suurepärane graniitkillustik. Pärast võta lihtsalt luud ja pühi põrand puhtaks. Helsinki varjenditest on ligi 15% ühendatud suurtemate süsteemidega, kaubanduskeskuste ja hotellide maaaluste garaazhidega ning metroosüsteemi- ning teenindustunnelitega. Lisaks militaarotstarbelised tunnelid milliste rajamist alustati juba üleeelmisel sajandil. Nii on Helsinki sadama kaitseks seitsmele saarele ehitatud Suomenlinna fortidesüsteemis olevad Meresõjakooli hooned ühendatud mandriga ka veealuse graniittunneliga. Kui kümmekond aastat tagasi SILJALINE reisilaev sõitis Suomenlinna ees karile, transporditi kõik reisijad maale sedasama tunnelit pidi mis on ühendatud ka parklaga Tähetornimäe all (Olympiaterminaali lähedal).
Viiteid:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_defense_in_Finland
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Civil protection
Civil protection is divided into civil protection managed by the authorities and own preparation. The state and municipalities are responsible for the former, companies, institutions, property owners and private individuals for the latter.
Supreme command and supervision of civil protection and the readiness therefor come under the aegis of the Ministry of the Interior Rescue Department. The Department is responsible for national civil protection arrangements by issuing orders in respect of civil protection staff and materials resources and for other bases of civil protection arrangements. Provincial governments are responsible for civil protection within the province, and municipalities in their own area.
The Ministry of the Interior and provincial governments are entitled to order civil protection leaders to attend training. State and municipal officials are responsible for the civil protection work associated with their posts, to prepare for this and to take part in relevant training. Responsibilities in the event of emergency situations include:
- planning and training
- building protective structures
- management, monitoring and alarm systems, and maintaining communications links
- preparation for evacuation, rescue work, first aid, care of the civilian population, and clearance and clearing up work.
In situations of emergency, the Ministry of the Interior, provinces and municipalities will bring into use command centres fitted with communications links and built during normal conditions. In addition to this, municipalities will set up rescue, first aid, patient transportation and supply groups. Around 85,000 people belong to these groups.
If necessary, municipalities must build a public bomb shelter to protect the occupants of each protection site. Protection site in this context means an area or place that is likely to be attacked in the event of danger. Bomb shelters shall afford protection from radiation, gases and conventional weapons. Each municipality shall build an emergency call centre and a civil defence command centre so that these also function during any emergency situation. In new development projects, buildings of at least 600 m², in which people live or work, must include a bomb shelter.
Finland has civil defence shelters for 3.3 million people. Bomb shelters are located in residential and public buildings. Of the bomb shelters, 40% are in association with workplaces and 60% with dwellings. Public bomb shelters can house 110,000 people. There are generally no bomb shelters in the countryside and areas of private housing.
Provided that they can be made instantly available for their original use, in normal conditions, bomb shelters and bomb shelter equipment can be used for other purposes. Bomb shelters are used as swimming pools, car parks, and recreation premises. During normal conditions, companies, institutions, property owners and private individuals alike are obliged to be prepared to protect life, property and the environment in emergency situations and to be prepared for such rescue work that they can carry out themselves. Tens of thousands of Finns have prepared for action during normal conditions. Some 250,000 people are involved in work during emergency conditions.
At the national level, radio and television warns people of incidents. In the event of serious or widespread incidents, the RDS (Radio Data System) alarm system is used to transmit emergency information via all radio stations simultaneously. An emergency announcement interrupts all programmes irrespective of channel.
Various fixed alarms are used to warn people locally. These are supplemented by mobile alarms in sparsely populated areas. After hearing an alarm, the population first seeks shelter indoors and then, only after instructions from the authorities, seeks refuge in bomb shelters. Households are also required to be prepared for situations calling for unexpected protection and for other situations of disorder or emergency. Homes should be stocked up with several days’ supply of food, any medication taken regularly and other daily necessities. It is also a good idea to keep batteries readily available in the event of power failure.
Allikas:
http://www.pelastustieto.fi/site/index. ... english/31
) ääres.